Validation Information: 48h Recall
McNaughton (Both days) 2005
Comparability of dietary patterns assessed by multiple dietary assessment methods: results from the 1946 British Birth Cohort
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the consistency of dietary patterns assessed through the use of a dietary recall and a 5-day food diary.
Design: Participants (n=2265) of a longitudinal study of health and development completed 48-h dietary recall at interview, followed by a 5-day food diary and with the 24h immediately preceding the interview analysed separately as a 24-h recall. Mean intakes of foods and nutrients were calculated and dietary patterns were assessed using exploratory factor analysis, using the method of principal components. Paired t-tests and correlation coefficients were used to compare the three dietary assessment methods.
Results: Five distinct dietary patterns were identified using the food diary and the 48-h recall but were less consistent on the 24-h recall. Correlations between factor scores on the 48-h recall and the food diary (r = 0.13–0.67) were higher than those between the 24-h recall and food diary (r = -0.01–0.59). The recall methods were effective at ranking subjects according to food and nutrient intakes, with the 48-h recall and food diary showing higher correlations in both males and females.
Conclusions: This study indicates that a 48-h recall effectively characterises dietary patterns in British adults when compared to a food diary and ranks participants appropriately with respect to most nutrients and foods and is superior to a single 24-h recall. These results have implications for longitudinal studies where maximising response rates to repeat dietary assessment tools is essential.
Total number of nutrients validated: 15
Not all of the nutrients validated in the validation studies are included in the table below, as statistical data was only selected to be displayed for a number of nutrients, this included:
- Energy
- Fat
- Saturated Fat
- Mono-unsaturated Fat
- Poly-unsaturated Fat
- Carbohydrates
- Protein
- Sugar
- Non‐starch polysaccharides(NSP)
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Iron
- Zinc
- Retinol
- Folate
- Folic Acid
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin C
- Fruit & Vegetables
- Urinary Nitrogen
To find information on the other validated nutrients please read the validation study.
- Energy
- Macronutrients: 4
- Micronutrients: 10
Comparator | Lifestage | Sex | Nutrient Measured | Mean Difference | Standard Deviation | Correlation Coefficient | Cohen's Kappa Coefficient | Percentage Agreement | Percentage Agreement Categories | Lower Limits of Agreement | Upper Limits of Agreement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimated Food Diary | Adults | Male Only | Energy (kcal) | -46 | 627 | 0.56 (S) | -1301 | 1209 | |||
Protein (g) | -2 | 24 | 0.48 (S) | -50 | 47 | ||||||
Fat (g) | -0.7 | 35 | 0.51 (S) | -71 | 69 | ||||||
Carbohydrates (g) | -5 | 66 | 0.62 (S) | -145 | 134 | ||||||
Calcium (mg) | -12.9 | 315.2 | 0.55 (S) | -643.3 | 617.5 | ||||||
Iron (mg) | 0.3 | 4.4 | 0.55 (S) | -8.4 | 9.0 | ||||||
Folate (µg) | -6.6 | 98.7 | 0.57 (S) | -203.9 | 190.7 | ||||||
Vitamin B12 (µg) | -0.1 | 8.1 | 0.29 (S) | -16.3 | 16.2 | ||||||
Vitamin C (mg) | -1.5 | 43.3 | 0.54 (S) | -88.1 | 85.1 | ||||||
Estimated Food Diary | Adults | Female Only | Energy (kcal) | -121 | 472 | 0.57 (S) | -1065 | 823 | |||
Protein (g) | -3 | 19 | 0.47 (S) | -40 | 34 | ||||||
Fat (g) | -4 | 27 | 0.55 (S) | -59 | 50 | ||||||
Carbohydrates (g) | -16 | 52 | 0.65 (S) | -120 | 88 | ||||||
Calcium (mg) | -44.2 | 243.5 | 0.65 (S) | -531.3 | 442.9 | ||||||
Iron (mg) | -0.6 | 3.7 | 0.58 (S) | -8.0 | 6.7 | ||||||
Folate (µg) | -12.4 | 66.9 | 0.62 (S) | -146.1 | 121.3 | ||||||
Vitamin B12 (µg) | -0.4 | 7.1 | 0.34 (S) | -14.6 | 13.8 | ||||||
Vitamin C (mg) | -3.9 | 38.9 | 0.53 (S) | -81.8 | 74.0 |
Some results have been calculated using statistical techniques based on the published data.
For further information on statistical terms click on Statistical tests used in validation studies
All correlations coefficients in the table are unadjusted unless stated otherwise. For adjusted correlation coefficients and other statistical methods used in the study e.g. paired t-tests, please read the validation articles.
- # Adjusted
- † Energy adjusted.
- ‡ For loge-transformed, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes.
- ^ Adjacent included.
- ᵟ Participants provided identical responses.
- (w) = Weighted.
McNaughton SA, Mishra GD, Bramwell G, Paul AA, Wadsworth ME. Comparability of dietary patterns assessed by multiple dietary assessment methods: results from the 1946 British Birth Cohort. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2005 Mar 1;59(3):341-52.