Validation Information: Vienna Food Record
Putz 2019
Reliability and validity of assessing energy and nutrient intake with the Vienna food record: a cross-over randomised study
Background: The Vienna Food Record was developed as a simple paper-based pre-coded food record for use in Austrian adults, which can be completed over a flexible period of time. The present study aimed at evaluating test-retest reliability of the Vienna Food Record and its concurrent validity against a weighed food record.
Methods: A randomised cross-over study served to compare outcomes of the Vienna Food Record with those of the weighed food record. The Vienna Food Record was completed for a second time, in order to assess test-retest reliability. Three assessment phases were interrupted by two-week wash-out phases. Sixty-seven free living Austrians aged 18–64 years, without (self-) diagnosed food allergies or intolerances, not at any medication, and not nutrition experts, were randomly assigned to one of two study arms. After drop-outs and exclusion of under-reporters, data of 35 participants has been analysed. Paired t-tests were performed for comparisons, regarding test-retest reliability and criterion validity, where mean differences were calculated as effect sizes. Consistency between repeated assessments with the Vienna Food Record was expressed by intra-class-correlation coefficients (ICC), while Pearson’s r was used for agreement regarding validity. Bland-Altman Plots with 95% limits of agreement were created for energy and macronutrients. Validity metrics for macronutrients were analysed additionally separated by gender, taking an adjustment of energy intake into account. Total energy intakes as well as intakes of macro- and selected micronutrients, expressed as daily means, were defined as 34 primary outcomes.
Results: ICCs for energy and intake of preselected nutrients, expressing the consistency of the Vienna Food Record, ranged from not significant to 0.95. Pearson’s correlation coefficients, expressing the agreement of the Vienna Food Record with the weighed food record ranged from not significant to 0.80.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity of the Vienna Food Record as an instrument for the assessment of energy and nutrient intake, comparable to the results of similar studies.
Total number of nutrients validated: 32
Not all of the nutrients validated in the validation studies are included in the table below, as statistical data was only selected to be displayed for a number of nutrients, this included:
- Energy
- Fat
- Saturated Fat
- Mono-unsaturated Fat
- Poly-unsaturated Fat
- Carbohydrates
- Protein
- Sugar
- Non‐starch polysaccharides(NSP)
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Iron
- Zinc
- Retinol
- Folate
- Folic Acid
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin C
- Fruit & Vegetables
- Urinary Nitrogen
To find information on the other validated nutrients please read the validation study.
- Energy
- Macronutrients: 9
- Micronutrients: 23
| Comparator | Lifestage | Sex | Nutrient Measured | Mean Difference | Standard Deviation | Correlation Coefficient | Cohen's Kappa Coefficient | Percentage Agreement | Percentage Agreement Categories | Lower Limits of Agreement | Upper Limits of Agreement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighed Food Diary | Adults | Both | Energy (kcal) | 78 | 481 | 0.78 (P) | -884 | 1040 | |||
| Protein (g) | 0.7 | 27 | 0.80 (P) | -53.3 | 54.7 | ||||||
| Fat (g) | 4.3 | 24 | 0.66 (P) | -43.7 | 52.3 | ||||||
| Saturated Fat (g) | -0.4 | 11 | 0.55 (P) | -22.4 | 21.6 | ||||||
| MUFA (g) | 4.0 | 10 | 0.62 (P) | -16 | 24 | ||||||
| PUFA (g) | -0.1 | 6 | 0.42 (P) | -12.1 | 11.9 | ||||||
| Carbohydrates (g) | 11 | 55 | 0.70 (P) | -99 | 121 | ||||||
| Total sugars (g) | -5.5 | 29 | 0.70 (P) | -63.5 | 52.5 | ||||||
| Fibre (g) | 2.0 | 9 | 0.63 (P) | -16 | 20 | ||||||
| Sodium (mg) | 245 | 1131 | 0.54 (P) | -2017 | 2507 | ||||||
| Calcium (mg) | -16 | 433 | 0.75 (P) | -882 | 850 | ||||||
| Iron (mg) | -0.1 | 7 | 0.79 (P) | -14.1 | 13.9 | ||||||
| Zinc (mg) | 0.5 | 3.6 | 0.76 (P) | -6.7 | 7.7 | ||||||
| Retinol eq. (μg) | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.30 (P) | -1.5 | 2.1 | ||||||
| Folic acid (μg) | -23.5 | 101 | 0.61 (P) | -225.5 | 178.5 | ||||||
| Vitamin C (mg) | -70.3 | 122 | 0.43 (P) | -314.3 | 173.7 |
Some results have been calculated using statistical techniques based on the published data.
For further information on statistical terms click on Statistical tests used in validation studies
All correlations coefficients in the table are unadjusted unless stated otherwise. For adjusted correlation coefficients and other statistical methods used in the study e.g. paired t-tests, please read the validation articles.
- # Adjusted
- † Energy adjusted.
- ‡ For loge-transformed, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes.
- ^ Adjacent included.
- ᵟ Participants provided identical responses.
- (w) = Weighted.
Putz P, Kogler B, Bersenkowitsch I. Reliability and validity of assessing energy and nutrient intake with the Vienna food record: a cross-over randomised study. Nutrition Journal. 2019;18(1):7.