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Validation Information: Multiple Pass 24h Recall

Montgomery 2005

Validation of energy intake by 24-hour multiple pass recall: comparison with total energy expenditure in children aged 5–7 years

Accurate measurement of energy intake (EI) is essential in studies of energy balance in all age groups. Reported values for EI can be validated against total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using doubly labelled water (DLW). Our previous work has indicated that the use of the standardized 24h multiple pass recall (24h MPR) method produces slight overestimates of EI in pre-school children which are inaccurate at individual level but acceptable at group level. To extend this work, the current study validated EI by 24h MPR against TEE by DLW in sixty-three (thirty-two boys) school-aged children (median age 6 years). In both boys and girls, reported EI was higher than TEE, although this difference was only significant in the girls (median difference 420 kJ/d, P=0·05). On analysis of agreement between TEE and EI, the group bias was an overestimation of EI by 250 kJ/d with wide limits of agreement (-2880, 2380 kJ/d). EI was over-reported relative to TEE by 7% and 0·9% in girls and boys, respectively. The bias in the current study was lower than in our previous study of pre-school children, suggesting that estimates of EI become less inaccurate as children age. However, the current study suggests that the 24h MPR is inaccurate at the individual level.

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Validation Information

Author
Montgomery
Year of Publication
2005

Tool Information

Dietary Exposure Measured
Energy
Tool Type
24 Hour Recall
Timeframe Tool Measures info
1 Day
Portion Size Measures info
Food portion sizes are estimated using two-dimensional food models (common household measures and dishes, geometric shapes and specific gram weight descriptions).
Reporting Method info
Retrospective
Format info
Paper
Supplements Measured
Not Reported
Administration Method info
Interviewer-administered

Study Information

Study Location
Glasgow, Scotland
Associated Nutrient Database
COMP-EAT version 5 (Lifeline Nutritional Services Limited, London) which is based on the UK Food Composition Database
Comparator Validated Against
Doubly Labelled Water

Participants

Sample Size
63
Lifestage
Children
Age of Population

Range: 4.5-7 years

Sex
Both
Other Notable Characteristics
Population represented a range of socio-economic status

Total number of nutrients validated: 1 info

Not all of the nutrients validated in the validation studies are included in the table below, as statistical data was only selected to be displayed for a number of nutrients, this included:

  • Energy
  • Fat
  • Saturated Fat
  • Mono-unsaturated Fat
  • Poly-unsaturated Fat
  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Sugar
  • Non‐starch polysaccharides(NSP)
  • Sodium
  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Zinc
  • Retinol
  • Folate
  • Folic Acid
  • Vitamin B12
  • Vitamin C
  • Fruit & Vegetables
  • Urinary Nitrogen

To find information on the other validated nutrients please read the validation study.

  • Energy
  • Macronutrients: 0
  • Micronutrients: 0
Comparator Lifestage Sex Nutrient Measured info Mean Difference Standard Deviation info Correlation Coefficient info Cohen's Kappa Coefficient Percentage Agreement Percentage Agreement Categories info Lower Limits of Agreement Upper Limits of Agreement
Doubly Labelled Water Children Both Energy (kcal) 60 314 -569 688
Energy (kJ) 250 1315 -2380 2880

Some results have been calculated using statistical techniques based on the published data.

For further information on statistical terms click on Statistical tests used in validation studies

All correlations coefficients in the table are unadjusted unless stated otherwise. For adjusted correlation coefficients and other statistical methods used in the study e.g. paired t-tests, please read the validation articles.

  • # Adjusted
  • † Energy adjusted.
  • ‡ For loge-transformed, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes.
  • ^ Adjacent included.
  • ᵟ Participants provided identical responses.
  • (w) = Weighted.

Montgomery C, Reilly JJ, Jackson DM, Kelly LA, Slater C, Paton JY, et al. Validation of energy intake by 24-hour multiple pass recall: comparison with total energy expenditure in children aged 5–7 years. British journal of nutrition. 2005 May 1;93(05):671-6.