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Validation Information: Food Checklist

Holmes 2008

A comparison of four dietary assessment methods in materially deprived households in England

Objectives: Low-income households in the UK concentrate factors associated with poor record-keeping such as lower literacy, numeracy and English language skills. The present study aimed to (1) compare the validity and acceptability of three dietary survey methods against appropriate reference measures and (2) identify a method which was both valid and acceptable in low-income households.

Design: Cross-sectional design comparing three 4-day dietary survey methods (multiple-pass 24-hour recall, food checklist and semi-weighed method) against a 4-day weighed inventory and other reference measures within subjects.

Setting: London, UK, 2001.

Subjects: Low-income households were selected using a doorstep screening questionnaire in 18 of the 60 most deprived neighbourhoods in London. Results are based on 384 respondents (159 males, 225 females) aged 2-90 years in 240 households. Respondents were mainly White (48%), Black or Black British (31%) or Asian or Asian British (9%).

Results: The dietary survey method preferred by interviewers was the 24-hour recall. Most respondents preferred the food checklist. Compared with the weighed inventory, repeat 24-hour recalls and the food checklist yielded higher estimates of energy and nutrient intakes. The semi-weighed method was least liked and yielded the lowest estimates of intake.

Conclusions: Based partly on evidence presented here and partly on evidence to be presented in later publications, four multiple-pass 24-hour recalls were recommended as the most appropriate method for a national study of diet and nutrition in low-income households in the UK.

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Validation Information

Author
Holmes
Year of Publication
2008

Tool Information

Dietary Exposure Measured
Full Nutrient, Food Groups
Tool Type
Food Checklist
Timeframe Tool Measures info
1 Day
Portion Size Measures info
Standard serving sizes are specified in household measures.
Reporting Method info
Prospective
Format info
Paper
Supplements Measured
Excluded
Administration Method info
Self-administered and by-proxy: parents/carer for 0-12 year olds. Interviewers reviewed the tool probing for any missing items.

Study Information

Study Location
London, England
Associated Nutrient Database
Integrated Dietary Analysis (IDA) software, version 2.03 (IDA Publications Ltd, 1997). Based on McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 5th edition and supplements.
Comparator Validated Against
Weighed Food Diary

Participants

Sample Size
38 (Male, Children), 32 (Male, Adolescents), 62 (Male, Adults), 27 (Male, Elderly), 38 (Female, Children), 16 (Female, Adolescents), 144 (Female, Adults), 27 (Female, Elderly)
Lifestage
Children, Adolescents, Adults, Elderly
Age of Population

Range: 2-90 years

Mean(SD): 6(2.6) years (Male); 6.7(2.7) years (Female)

Sex
Male Only, Female Only
Other Notable Characteristics
Low Income Population

Total number of nutrients validated: 11 info

Not all of the nutrients validated in the validation studies are included in the table below, as statistical data was only selected to be displayed for a number of nutrients, this included:

  • Energy
  • Fat
  • Saturated Fat
  • Mono-unsaturated Fat
  • Poly-unsaturated Fat
  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Sugar
  • Non‐starch polysaccharides(NSP)
  • Sodium
  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Zinc
  • Retinol
  • Folate
  • Folic Acid
  • Vitamin B12
  • Vitamin C
  • Fruit & Vegetables
  • Urinary Nitrogen

To find information on the other validated nutrients please read the validation study.

  • Energy
  • Macronutrients: 4
  • Micronutrients: 6
Comparator Lifestage Sex Nutrient Measured info Mean Difference Standard Deviation info Correlation Coefficient info Cohen's Kappa Coefficient Percentage Agreement Percentage Agreement Categories info Lower Limits of Agreement Upper Limits of Agreement
Weighed Food Diary Children Male Only Energy (kcal) 173 448 -723 1069
Protein (g) 10 18 -26 46
Fat (g) 4 23 -42 51
Carbohydrates (g) 24 63 -101 150
Calcium (mg) 60 314 -568 688
Iron (mg) 0.5 3.2 -5.9 6.9
Folic Acid (µg) 48 77 -106 202
Vitamin C (mg) 33 60 -87 153
Weighed Food Diary Adolescents Male Only Energy (kcal) -11 694 -1399 1377
Protein (g) 1 29 -56 59
Fat (g) -3 36 -75 69
Carbohydrates (g) 2 89 -176 180
Calcium (mg) 39 311 -583 661
Iron (mg) 0.1 3.9 -7.7 7.9
Folic Acid (µg) 16 142 -268 300
Vitamin C (mg) 18 84 -150 186
Weighed Food Diary Adults Male Only Energy (kcal) -149 615 -1379 1081
Protein (g) -3 29 -61 56
Fat (g) -9 30 -69 51
Carbohydrates (g) -26 107 -240 189
Calcium (mg) -85 341 -767 597
Iron (mg) -1.8 4.8 -11.4 7.8
Folic Acid (µg) 22 133 -244 288
Vitamin C (mg) 16 90 -164 196
Weighed Food Diary Elderly Male Only Energy (kcal) -4 425 -854 846
Protein (g) -2 28 -57 53
Fat (g) -4 24 -55 45
Carbohydrates (g) -4 72 -147 139
Calcium (mg) -2 247 -496 492
Iron (mg) -1.2 3.5 -8.2 5.8
Folic Acid (µg) 29 97 -165 223
Vitamin C (mg) 23 70 -117 163
Weighed Food Diary Children Female Only Energy (kcal) 255 446 -637 1147
Protein (g) 11 15 -19 40
Fat (g) 6 22 -37 50
Carbohydrates (g) 41 72 -102 184
Calcium (mg) 89 190 -291 469
Iron (mg) 1.4 2.1 -2.8 5.6
Folic Acid (µg) 72 96 -120 264
Vitamin C (mg) 43 72 -101 187
Weighed Food Diary Adolescents Female Only Energy (kcal) 89 377 -655 843
Protein (g) 6 26 -46 57
Fat (g) 1 19 -37 40
Carbohydrates (g) 15 49 -82 112
Calcium (mg) 77 231 -385 539
Iron (mg) 0.4 1.8 -3.2 4
Folic Acid (µg) 21 68 -115 157
Vitamin C (mg) 24 96 -168 216
Weighed Food Diary Adults Female Only Energy (kcal) 9 602 -1195 1213
Protein (g) 5 28 -50 60
Fat (g) 1 28 -56 58
Carbohydrates (g) -5 83 -170 161
Calcium (mg) -8 301 -610 594
Iron (mg) 0.4 4.2 -8 8.8
Folic Acid (µg) 27 101 -175 229
Vitamin C (mg) 25 77 -129 179
Weighed Food Diary Elderly Female Only Energy (kcal) -33 388 -809 743
Protein (g) 1 27 -54 55
Fat (g) -7 21 -49 36
Carbohydrates (g) 7 55 -104 117
Calcium (mg) 35 241 -447 517
Iron (mg) -0.7 2.8 -6.3 4.9
Folic Acid (µg) 6 58 -110 122
Vitamin C (mg) 5 44 -83 93

Some results have been calculated using statistical techniques based on the published data.

For further information on statistical terms click on Statistical tests used in validation studies

All correlations coefficients in the table are unadjusted unless stated otherwise. For adjusted correlation coefficients and other statistical methods used in the study e.g. paired t-tests, please read the validation articles.

  • # Adjusted
  • † Energy adjusted.
  • ‡ For loge-transformed, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes.
  • ^ Adjacent included.
  • ᵟ Participants provided identical responses.
  • (w) = Weighted.

Holmes B, Dick K, Nelson M. A comparison of four dietary assessment methods in materially deprived households in England. Public health nutrition. 2008 May 1;11(05):444-56.