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Validation Information: 7 day Estimated Food Diary

Bingham 1997

Using biochemical markers to assess the validity of prospective dietary assessment methods and the effect of energy adjustment

The validity of dietary assessment methods in a group of women aged 50-65 y was evaluated with use of biochemical markers. Estimates of nitrogen, potassium, and carotene intakes from weighed-food and estimated records yielded higher correlations with urinary nitrogen, urinary potassium, and serum concentrations of carotenoids than did estimates from food-frequency questionnaires and 24-h recalls. When the residuals method of energy adjustment was used, the correlations between intakes of nitrogen and potassium estimated from food-frequency questionnaires and 24-h recalls and intakes derived from weighed-food records improved, and the high correlations between biochemical markers and estimates from weighed-food records were maintained. In addition, with use of this method, estimates for nitrogen and potassium intakes from food-frequency questionnaires showed the most improvement in comparison with the biochemical markers; however, the correlations of crude nitrogen and potassium with crude energy intake were highest. Carotene intake was not related to energy intake, so that correlations between the intake of carotene assessed by any method and the plasma β-carotene concentration did not improve with energy adjustment and between-person variability was not reduced. Energy adjustment with either the energy density or residuals method did not alter the ranking of accuracy of various dietary assessment methods in comparison with weighed-food records or biochemical markers in either the total group of subjects or those who were identified as having provided valid weighed-food records.

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Validation Information

Author
Bingham
Year of Publication
1997

Tool Information

Dietary Exposure Measured
Full Nutrient, Food Groups
Tool Type
Food Diary Estimated
Timeframe Tool Measures info
1 Day
Portion Size Measures info
15 sets of photographs. Subjects could state portion size in other measures if they wished.
Reporting Method info
Usual; Prospective
Format info
Paper
Supplements Measured
Included
Administration Method info
Self-administered

Study Information

Study Location
Cambridge, England
Associated Nutrient Database
DIDO (Data In, Diet Out);
Comparator Validated Against
Biomarkers

Participants

Sample Size
156
Lifestage
Adults
Age of Population

Range: 50-65 years

Sex
Female Only
Other Notable Characteristics
N/A

Total number of nutrients validated: 3 info

Not all of the nutrients validated in the validation studies are included in the table below, as statistical data was only selected to be displayed for a number of nutrients, this included:

  • Energy
  • Fat
  • Saturated Fat
  • Mono-unsaturated Fat
  • Poly-unsaturated Fat
  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Sugar
  • Non‐starch polysaccharides(NSP)
  • Sodium
  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Zinc
  • Retinol
  • Folate
  • Folic Acid
  • Vitamin B12
  • Vitamin C
  • Fruit & Vegetables
  • Urinary Nitrogen

To find information on the other validated nutrients please read the validation study.

  • Macronutrients: 1
  • Micronutrients: 2
Comparator Lifestage Sex Nutrient Measured info Mean Difference Standard Deviation info Correlation Coefficient info Cohen's Kappa Coefficient Percentage Agreement Percentage Agreement Categories info Lower Limits of Agreement Upper Limits of Agreement
Biomarkers Adults Female Only Urinary Nitrogen 0.65 (P)

Some results have been calculated using statistical techniques based on the published data.

For further information on statistical terms click on Statistical tests used in validation studies

All correlations coefficients in the table are unadjusted unless stated otherwise. For adjusted correlation coefficients and other statistical methods used in the study e.g. paired t-tests, please read the validation articles.

  • # Adjusted
  • † Energy adjusted.
  • ‡ For loge-transformed, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes.
  • ^ Adjacent included.
  • ᵟ Participants provided identical responses.
  • (w) = Weighted.

Bingham SA, Day NE. Using biochemical markers to assess the validity of prospective dietary assessment methods and the effect of energy adjustment. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 1997 Apr 1;65(4):1130S-7S.