Validation Information: 24h Recall
Johansson 2008
Comparison of nutrient intake between different dietary assessment methods in elderly male volunteers
Aim: The objective of the study was to compare nutritional intake results obtained from the 4 x 4-day weighed records with those obtained from a food frequency questionnaire, repeated 24-hour recalls, a seven-day food record and a seven-day checklist in elderly men.
Methods: Seventy-five healthy men aged 55-88 years and living at home in Cambridge, UK, took part in the study. Energy and nutrients had means and standard deviations calculated. Misreporting was based on an evaluation of food intake level, calculated as reported energy intake divided by predicted basal metabolic rate. This was in relation to a plausible physical activity level, calculated as the ratio of energy expenditure divided by predicted basal metabolic rate. Statistical significance was assessed via one-way ANOVA.
Results: The nutrient density was higher for protein and potassium for the group with low food intake level values in all dietary assessment methods. For some methods, this was also true for calcium, carotene, iron and vitamin C. All methods yielded similar results.
Conclusions: The present study indicates that selective underreporting exists. Surprisingly, the simplest method, the simplified 24-hour recall, performed as well as more complicated methods.
Total number of nutrients validated: 14
Not all of the nutrients validated in the validation studies are included in the table below, as statistical data was only selected to be displayed for a number of nutrients, this included:
- Energy
- Fat
- Saturated Fat
- Mono-unsaturated Fat
- Poly-unsaturated Fat
- Carbohydrates
- Protein
- Sugar
- Non‐starch polysaccharides(NSP)
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Iron
- Zinc
- Retinol
- Folate
- Folic Acid
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin C
- Fruit & Vegetables
- Urinary Nitrogen
To find information on the other validated nutrients please read the validation study.
- Energy
- Macronutrients: 7
- Micronutrients: 6
| Comparator | Lifestage | Sex | Nutrient Measured | Mean Difference | Standard Deviation | Correlation Coefficient | Cohen's Kappa Coefficient | Percentage Agreement | Percentage Agreement Categories | Lower Limits of Agreement | Upper Limits of Agreement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighed Food Diary | Elderly | Male Only | Energy (kcal) | 0 | |||||||
| Energy (kJ) | 0 | ||||||||||
| Protein (g) | 0 | ||||||||||
| Fat (g) | 3 | ||||||||||
| Carbohydrates (g) | -9 | ||||||||||
| Total Sugars (g) | -9 | ||||||||||
| Fibre (NSP) (g) | -2 | ||||||||||
| Calcium (mg) | -51 | ||||||||||
| Iron (mg) | -1 | ||||||||||
| Retinol (µg) | 55 | ||||||||||
| Vitamin C (mg) | -4 |
Some results have been calculated using statistical techniques based on the published data.
For further information on statistical terms click on Statistical tests used in validation studies
All correlations coefficients in the table are unadjusted unless stated otherwise. For adjusted correlation coefficients and other statistical methods used in the study e.g. paired t-tests, please read the validation articles.
- # Adjusted
- † Energy adjusted.
- ‡ For loge-transformed, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes.
- ^ Adjacent included.
- ᵟ Participants provided identical responses.
- (w) = Weighted.
Johansson G. Comparison of nutrient intake between different dietary assessment methods in elderly male volunteers. Nutrition & Dietetics. 2008 Dec 1;65(4):266-71.